Supply chains are the backbone of global commerce, ensuring that goods and services move efficiently across industries and regions. However, climate change poses an increasing threat to supply chain stability, with extreme weather events disrupting production, transportation, and logistics worldwide. From a business perspective, these disruptions highlight the need for comprehensive risk assessment and risk management strategies to mitigate potential losses., these events are growing in both frequency and severity, making it essential for businesses to develop proactive strategies to enhance supply chain resilience. In the recent past, so-called “black swan” events of the past three years—globally disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine— have underscored the vulnerability of supply chains and the critical importance of risk assessment and having effective risk management strategies. 

The Need for Supply Chain Risk Management

Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, floods, droughts, and wildfires, have become more prevalent, leading to substantial disruptions in supply chains. In 2024 alone, supply chain disruptions due to extreme weather were estimated to have cost companies globally upwards of $100 billion. Moreover, data from Resilinc’s EventWatchAI platform revealed a 289% increase in potential disruptions and alerts related to extreme weather worldwide between 2019 and 2023. This trend underscores the escalating threat that climate change poses to supply chain stability. 

Strategies for Building Resilient Supply Chains

Building a climate-resilient supply chain requires a combination of risk assessment, technology adoption, supplier diversification, and sustainable infrastructure investment. To navigate the challenges posed by extreme weather, businesses must adopt comprehensive financial risk management strategies that enhance supply chain resilience. Key approaches include:

• Risk Assessment and Mapping

Understanding the vulnerabilities within a supply chain is the first step toward resilience. By conducting thorough risk assessments and mapping out the entire supply chain, companies can identify critical nodes susceptible to extreme weather events. This process involves evaluating the geographic locations of suppliers, transportation routes, and production facilities to pinpoint areas at high risk 

• Supplier Diversification

Relying on a single supplier or geographic region can be detrimental during extreme weather events. Diversifying suppliers across different regions reduces the risk of simultaneous disruptions. For example, adopting a “China plus one” strategy, where companies source materials from China and an additional country, can mitigate risks associated with regional climate events. To build resilience, companies need to continue to expand their supplier network to include local, regional, and international options. A recent EY study on supply chains and foreign direct investment in Europe found that 53 percent of respondents were considering nearshoring, 43 percent were considering reshoring, and nearly 80 percent were planning to expand or establish operations in Europe. An increasing number of companies are moving to close the gap between manufacturing and consumption to reduce supply chain risk and increase resilience. 

• Investing in Technology and Data Analytics

Leveraging advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and data analytics enables real-time monitoring of weather patterns and potential disruptions. These tools can provide predictive insights, allowing companies to anticipate and prepare for extreme weather events. For instance, AI-based analysis can offer supply chain visibility comparable to traditional methods but in a fraction of the time 

• Enhancing Communication and Collaboration

Open communication with suppliers, logistics providers, and other stakeholders is crucial. Establishing clear channels ensures that all parties are informed promptly about potential disruptions, enabling coordinated responses. Collaborative efforts can lead to shared resources and strategies that bolster the entire supply chain’s resilience.

• Developing Contingency Plans

Proactive contingency planning involves creating alternative strategies to maintain operations during disruptions. This may include identifying backup suppliers, alternative transportation routes, or flexible production schedules. Regularly updating and testing these plans ensures their effectiveness when unforeseen events occur.

• Investing in Infrastructure and Sustainable Practices

Building resilient infrastructure capable of withstanding extreme weather is essential. This includes reinforcing facilities, upgrading transportation networks, and implementing sustainable practices that reduce environmental impact. Companies that prioritize sustainability not only contribute to environmental preservation but also enhance their supply chain’s resilience against climate-induced disruptions 

Financial Risk Management in the Era of Climate Change

Recent events have demonstrated the critical need for resilient supply chains. In Ireland, Storm Éowyn caused significant damage, leaving approximately 768,000 buildings without power and resulting in an estimated €200 million in damages. This event highlighted gaps in infrastructure and emergency preparedness, emphasizing the necessity for robust adaptation strategies.

Similarly, the ‘Made in Italy’ brand, renowned for luxury fashion, faced challenges due to severe floods in Prato. These floods caused substantial damage to manufacturers, disrupting production and destroying valuable materials. Such incidents underscore the vulnerability of supply chains to extreme weather and the imperative for proactive resilience measures. 

As climate change continues to intensify, extreme weather events will pose increasing threats to global supply chains. Companies must prioritize risk assessment and develop robust financial risk management strategies to mitigate climate-related uncertainties. By conducting thorough risk assessments, diversifying suppliers, leveraging advanced technologies, fostering collaboration, developing contingency plans, and investing in sustainable infrastructure, companies can navigate the complexities of climate-induced disruptions. 

Ensuring supply chain resilience is not just about mitigating risks but also about securing long-term profitability and sustainability. Organizations that proactively integrate financial risk management into their operations will be better prepared to navigate the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring both stability and growth in an increasingly unpredictable global landscape.